Três ensaios sobre a estrutura espacial urbana em cidades do Brasil contemporâneo: economia urbana e geoinformação na construção de novos olhares
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2014-02-21
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Biderman, Ciro
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This thesis presents new methodological possibilities within the field of urbanism through the application of techniques derived from the Geoinformation Science within the urban economics theories framework. The work is organized in three essays. Each of them presents and analyses one relevant question of the urban economics theories for the specific context of the Brazilian contemporary cities. The objective of the first essay is to investigate the relation between the processes of urban sprawl and spatial segregation in the city of São Paulo. Establishing the discussion in the theories of urban economics, the essay is based on the assumption that both processes result from the operation of housing market, including its inherent failures that drives the distribution of the population groups according to the different social characteristics. The work focuses on the central issue of the continuous occupation of the fringes of the city and the consequences for the spatial urban structure. The second essay is dedicated to the investigation of the distribution of employment subcenters in the city of São Paulo and their relation with the land rent gradients. In the third essay, we are again interested in the process of urban sprawl, but here we introduce a dynamic perspective having the Amazonian fast growing medium size cities as examples. The objective is to investigate the impact of the expectations for the future enhancement of land values among the landholders and the impact in conversion for different land use in the urban fringes. Using remote sensing data, we compare the uses and land covers previously to the urban conversion identifying a scale of urban land use potential. The thesis is based on the assumption that is possible to establish mathematical-computational representation of the spatial urban structure with the use of geographical information systems, and aims to contribute to the constitution of digital territories as quantitative expressions of environmental and social concepts that define the urban structure. Through these representations, this thesis aims to contribute to the insertion of the territorial dimension on the political and economic decision making processes that continuously interfere in our cities and in the life conditions that they propitiate.