Computação em nuvem no governo: aspectos organizacionais, institucionais e contextuais
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2020-08-31
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Cunha, Maria Alexandra Viegas Cortez da
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Cloud computing has entered the organizational processes of companies and governments. In this sense, this research aims to explore how the organizational, institutional, and contextual aspects configure cloud computing in the Brazilian government (CloudGov). In the literature review on CloudGov it was possible to identify the explanation gap in how cloud computing is configured in governments. Thus, the Institutional Theory (TIS) was used to explain the CloudGov phenomenon through Scott's organizational pillars (2013) being: normative pillar, regulatory pillar and social-cognitive pillar that are related to the explanations of organizational, institutional aspects and contextual. In addition, this research was also anchored in Rogers's (2010) Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (TDI) using types of innovative, follower and traditional organizations. The qualitative methodology was outlined in two stages. First, a descriptive study was carried out, investigating the 26 states of Brazil to build a panorama of CloudGov in the Brazilian context. In this stage, a framework was built, classifying governments as Innovators, Followers and Traditionals in the use of CloudGov. In the second stage, three cases were selected, chosen, one from each group, to build a model. Interviews were conducted, documents and secondary data were used, and categories of analysis emerged aimed at explaining the phenomenon. It is concluded that cloud computing in the Brazilian state governments, is configured in three types of organizations, being innovative, follower or traditional. This configuration occurs according to the organizational, institutional, and contextual aspects of the organization, varying according to internal or external demand, as well as laws, regulations, and a favorable context for innovation. This study presents theoretical contributions such as the use of two theories (TIS x TDI) for the explanation of an organizational phenomenon and the construction of a model about CloudGov in the Brazilian context. In addition, it advances in research already carried out on the topic in the eGov area. As a practical contribution, this research delivers a CloudGov framework to public organizations in the implementation of this technology. Further studies are suggested, such as the application of this model in other countries, especially in the global South, or analysis of the phenomenon with other theoretical approaches.