From Internet Governance to Digital Cooperation
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2025
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As part of the Summit of the Future, the United Nations Member States in 2024 adopted a Global Digital Compact (GDC). The GDC is ambitious and contains many thoughtful suggestions, on how to foster digital technologies, to bridge the digital divide, speed up the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and also on how to deal with Artificial Intelligence (AI). The stated objective is to reap the “potential benefits for the well-being and advancement of people and societies and for our planet”. However, the GDC leaves open the implementation of this objective, thus raising some important questions regarding its real effectiveness and, ultimately, its potential impact. In addition, in 2025 is the 20-year review of the World Summit on the Information Society, known as WSIS+20, and it is not clear how the two processes will interact. Concerns were therefore raised whether this could lead to a fragmentation of governance mechanisms. This trend deserves to be considered carefully as it may likely lead existing club-governance mechanisms – such as the BRICS grouping, the OECD, or regional organizations such as the European Union – to assert their spheres of influence, as a consequence of the increasing trends towards a multipolar order.This short paper is written by a practitioner who was involved in discussions and negotiations on Internet governance in the past 20 years and witnessed from the inside the many facets of the debate. A look back may help better understand the directions Internet governance and digital policy may take. This short paper is written by a practitioner who was involved in discussions and negotiations on Internet governance in the past 20 years and witnessed from the inside the many facets of the debate. A look back may help better understand the directions Internet governance and digital policy may take.