Escolhas individuais e bem-estar financeiro: três ensaios utilizando microdados
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2016-01-27
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Mendes-da-Silva, Wesley
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How to guide public policies in order to promote people´s well-being? In order to answer this question the academic community has focused on the necessity of understanding better the individual consumer choices. This trend is supported by the growing number of microdata bases provided by the government agencies and the private sector. The aim of this study is to analyze the choices of Brazilians towards financing decisions and labor supply. The work is divided into three distinct empirical essays. The focus of the first essay is to verify how the informal credit markets are stimulated by financial education deficit. Considering more than 2,000 notes on taken credit, a multinomial logit model was used to estimate the propensity to informal credit taken in contrast to bank credit. The results indicate that financial education can have greater relevance to the selection of informal forms of financing than credit tightening measures. The second essay analyzes the use of credit cards among 1,458 young adults that live in Brazil, USA or France. A structural equation model is used to establish links between latent variables. The model validated by the study represents a situation in which the financial well-being is affected by the way the individual uses the credit card, and this use, in turn, is affected by the sense of social comparison and by the financial self-confidence, which is influenced by the financial education received from parents. Comparing groups, we found evidence that social comparison has a stronger effect on young Brazilians, and that men are more influenced by parental education than women. In the last essay, Brazil´s poor population is analyzed towards a so called laziness effect, that would be caused by a decrease in labor supply because of the families that receive the financial benefit from the government by means of the Bolsa Família Program. A survival model was used to compare the length of employment among program beneficiaries and a control group, using a database of over 3 million people. The hypothesis of a laziness effect is rejected. The risk of employee resignation among beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program is measured to be 7% to 10% lower, which is able to set aside, for example, the largest risk of employee resignation that is caused by the presence of young children in family composition. Since the change of employment hinders the receipt of pensions for length of service, it can be concluded that the Brazilian income transfer program will have a positive impact on the future financial well-being of the worker.