Essays on Applied Microeconomics
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2023-04-12
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Fuente Estevan, Fernanda Gonçalves de La
Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva
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This dissertation is composed of three articles. In the first article, which is shown in chapter 1, we study the the effects of racial and social diversity on academic outcomes in higher education. Using administrative data from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora in Brazil, where affirmative action (AA) policies were taken place, the study estimates the impact of the share of AA beneficiaries on various academic outcomes. The identification strategy employs the variation in the proportion of quota students from one year to the next in undergraduate majors at the university. The results suggest that diversity in the classroom has only modest or no impact on the academic performance of non-minority students. However, an increase in the proportion of quota students leads to a small increase in cumulative GPA for students in the bottom 50\% of the entrance exam score distribution, without negative effects on non-quota students. In the second article, displayed in chapter 2, we study the intergenerational mobility of earnings at the UFJF. By linking parents' earnings to their children's earnings, we can analyze intergenerational mobility patterns within the context of a developing country. We document that intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) and rank-rank correlation exhibit mostly nonlinear relationships, with students from the top two quintiles showing a stronger correlation with their parent's income. Additionally, when we segmented the analysis for various subsamples, we observed that quota students exhibit a lower correlation with their parent's income, suggesting that intergenerational mobility may be higher for this group. Finally, we also find that family income plays an important role in determining students' outcomes, but this relation happens through major choice rather than directly to the child. Students from poorer families tend to choose majors associated with lower wages. In the third article, which corresponds to the chapter 3, we investigate the impact of a unique microcredit program, the \textit{Crédito Retomada}, launched by the SEBRAE-SP in partnership with a fintech to support entrepreneurs during the pandemic in Brazil. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) and a randomization design, we analyze a unique dataset of companies that participated in the program to provide causal evidence on the effect of credit on MSE (Micro and Small Enterprises) survival. Our results show no evidence that the program increased the probability of survival for micro and small businesses in Brazil.
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Affirmative action Higher education Racial diversity Social diversity Intergenerational mobility Earnings Family income Major choice Microcredit program Business survival Ação afirmativa Ensino superior Diversidade racial Diversidade social Mobilidade intergeracional Rendimentos Renda familiar Escolha de curso Programa de microcrédito Sobrevivência de negócios