Formulação de políticas culturais: leis de incentivo e as inovações do Programa Cultura Viva
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2008-06-26
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Alves, Mário Aquino
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This study examines the formulation of cultural policies in Brazil through the analysis of two quite distinct cases: the laws of incentives created in the early 1990s, in the wake of neoliberalism, and Living Culture Program (Programa Cultura Viva), formulated in 2004, in President Lula´s first term of. From the detailed analysis of the formulation context of each of the cultural policies, and the public that has actually attended and the values that have been available, it shows two forms of cultural policies that point to different horizons in terms of cultural citizenship. On the question of the laws of incentives, we analyze the transition from the Fordist model of accumulation to the flexible accumulation, listing the importance of the strategies of branding for new forms of consumerism culture; in the case of Living Culture Program, we analyzed whose groups have been privileged, and how it limits the scope this policy. In our approach is supported by the Gramscian concept of hegemony, crucial to understand culture in a class society. Given the uniqueness of the concept of civil society in the Italian thinker addressing, beyond the obvious relevance that this sphere assumes within the liberal ideology, it is necessary to develop a historical analysis of its evolution, in search for evidence that would suggest an emancipatory policy, and its relationship with the state and the market.