A economia como ciência: dos clássicos a Keynes
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2000
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This essay will compare three alternative models in economics. The first is that of a positive science, following the (neo)classical macroeconomic model. The second is that of a political or moral science, as exemplified by Keynes. The last includes the contributions of M. Kalecki related the economic cycles and the theory of value. This paper will analyse the theoretical roots of each model, their presuppositions, fundamental laws and conclusions. We propose that each model incorporates a set of values consistent with their presuppositions and scientific methodologies, an analysis of which is essential for the advance of economics as a science. We will show how a critique of 'marginalism' led to some new revolutionary keynesian ideas, and how Kalecki have increased the understanding of economic performance.