Essays on environmental economics
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2025-05-21
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Araujo, Rafael Carlquist Rabelo de
Mata, Daniel da
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The dissertation investigates the relationship between climate events, rural credit, and environmental outcomes in Brazil. It is composed of three essays that analyze different aspects of the interaction between the economy and the environment, focusing on climate shocks, rural credit, and sustainability. The first study examines how droughts impact rural credit allocation in Brazil. The results indicate that in the short term, droughts increase total credit (+3.2%), mainly for working capital (+6.8%) and investments (+2.9%), but reduce the number of contracts (-2.3%), concentrating resources in large producers. In the long term, prolonged periods of drought increase dependence on credit (+20.9%) but reduce financing for sustainable practices (ABC -48.8%) and small producers (PRONAF -72.3%). The second investigates the relationship between rural credit provision and its environmental and agricultural impacts in Brazil. Using data on credit operations, land use, and environmental indicators, the study analyzes how credit influences the expansion of agricultural activity, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicate that rural credit is crucial in increasing agricultural production. However, the allocation of resources, driven by the conversion of natural areas into productive land, increases deforestation and CO2 emissions. Finally, the third explores the relationship between droughts and deforestation in the Legal Amazon, showing that periods of drought increase deforestation, driven by the need to expand the agriculture frontier. The results of the dissertation show that rural credit allocation in Brazil is not aligned with sustainable practices, especially during periods of drought, harming small producers and increasing environmental impacts. These findings are essential for improving public policies that boost the financing of resilient and sustainable agricultural practices.
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Climate events Rural credit Environmental outcomes Sustainability Droughts Deforestation Agriculture production Greenhouse gas Emissions Public policies Eventos climáticos extremos Crédito rural Resultados ambientais Sustentabilidade Secas Desmatamento Produção agropecuária Emissões de gases de efeito estufa Políticas públicas