A Unesco e a trajetória da política cultural: momentos e movimentos de uma linguagem de ação pública (1966-1982)
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2016-02-19
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Spink, Peter
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Although relations between the State and different conceptions of culture have occurred in different historical periods, this study shows that the coining of the category 'cultural policy' is concomitant to the emergence of actions associated with it in the post World War II period. In 1967, UNESCO produced what became known as the first definition of cultural policy and, since then, the organization has played a central role in promoting cultural policies around the world. This definition was part of an explicit effort to ascribe a meaning to cultural policy spread this through studies, meetings and regional conferences during the 1970s and two global conferences in 1970 and 1982. During this period, UNESCO's work helped to move cultural policy away from its early disputes and uncertainties to become a significant operational category beyond activities related to UNESCO itself. Cultural policy began to be mobilized as a coherent, rational, instrumental, hierarchical and State-centric action, compatible with democracy and oriented to development. It has thus become a common way to talk about and carry out public actions related to culture in different places. Drawing on the analysis of documents produced by and also addressed to UNESCO in relation to cultural policy, the study shows how letters, memos, publications and questionnaires inserted in bureaucratic processes performed movements of formation and transformation of the centrality of the language of cultural policy, simultaneously translating the repertoires, meanings, uses and publics associated with it. This grammar of repertoires, central categories and languages has been tested and negotiated in historically situated moments and movements. The resulting centralities are provisional and dependent on local investments in their organizing value, coexisting and negotiating their validity with other public action languages.