Mídias sociais no policiamento: um estudo sob a lente da prática
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2018-12-05
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Cunha, Maria Alexandra Viegas Cortez da
Lima, Renato Sérgio de
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This thesis aims to explain how and to what purpose social media are used in policing. Police forces are using these ICT tools to increase their proximity to citizens, but participation and engagement are still a challenge, especially for issues of legitimacy and trust. To understand why this occurs the studies, for the most part, investigate the influence of social media on the relationship between the police forces and the citizen. This research advances in this matter, starting from the assumption that comprehension can be widened if considering the use of social media in policing. This research advances in this field, assuming that this understanding can be amplified if the activity constructed through actions and interactions between multiple actors and materials involved in the police work is investigated. The focus becomes the practices situated in the place of people, artifacts or values, what expands the possibilities of understanding what and how occurs in the use. This study was developed applying the lens of practice through a case study about the use of social media in the Polícia Militar of Minas Gerais. The data sources used were semi-structured interviews, documentation and participant observation analyzed through coding and narrative techniques. The results showed that social media are used in policing as an open source of data to the fight against criminality and to the strengthening of institutional image. Based on the findings, it is verified that contrary to what the literature recognizes, these ICTs disperse information rather than centralize it, like previous technologies. This may directly impact the coordination and control exerted through the command chain. In this sense, it is stablished a mechanism of forces between resources (social media and smartphones) and norms (penal and ethics codes) acting on the policemen and the senses attributed by them to these ICT tools in police activity. The combat against criminality was the structure that emerged when police officers informed the use they would do of social media in police activity. Other structures that relate to this and positively influence the agency in a collaboration sense were: i) internal communication; ii) reduction of information gaps; and iii) strengthening of the esprit de corps. These findings contribute to the literature of social media and police, so far a field under construction, expanding the knowledge on several aspects: i) I explicit the perspectives in which the field is being structured; ii) I describe how the open sources of data intensify the sense of mission and the esprit de corps towards the reactive practices of traditional policing. For practice-based approaches, I contribute by demonstrating how this lens can be used in studies of police phenomena. It is also relevant to understand how social media can cooperate significantly with internal communication, which leads to contributions to the organizational management and implementation of human resources policies.