Estudos sobre o conceito de inteligência e suas implicações
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1982-11
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Penna, Antônio Gomes
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The aim of this paper is to show that the concept of intelligence has ideologic imp1ications. To achieve this purpose we have studied the main measures and theories about the concept. From this study we have observed that: 1) More sophisticated measures preceded more forma1ized theories. Intelligence is a concept that was originated from a more technica1 than theoretical pole. 2) The first standard test of inte11igence was bui1t to answer an order from the French Schoo1 authorities. According to A1thusser (1976), the school establishment is an ideo1ogic state device, the objective of wich is to gerantee that the dominant c1ass rea11y dominates. 3) Re1iabi1ity is the expression of the conservation. The I.Q. does not vary with the passing of the time because the tests have been bui1t for this purpose. 4) The va1idation criterium oi a test of inte1igence is direct or indirect, the school success. Thus, there is no need of a test to separate good and bad students, it is enough to use the school marks. 5) Some variations were related to the I.Q. Special attention was given to the relationship between race and I.Q. Different positions were presented: the ones that consider the difference of I.Q. among races related to genetic factors, others that consider such difference related to environment factors, and a third group that consider it related to genitic -environmental factors. 6) The reneticists theses were and are still blamed of being ideologic, for considering the differences due to genetic factors, we put an end to the possibility of questioning the environment. (Conservative charactheristic of the ideology). 7) The environmental theses are also ideologic as they accept as true their conception excluding the genetic component. (Modifying charactheristic of the ideology). 8) The experimental proofs cannot solve these questions. To adopt one position or another is a question of value. As we have present it is clear that the aim of the our work is wot to make an option or to defend any explanation of the differences related to the I.Q., but to show that such explanations acquire an ideologic character.