O perfil e a composição do ajuste fiscal brasileiro (1997-2007)
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Data
2008-07-04
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Brito, Márcio Holland de
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The purpose of this dissertation is to deepen the study on the macroeconomic effects of the fiscal adjustments by analyzing the trajectory of the Brazilian fiscal policy during the years of 1997 and 2007, period that includes the major fiscal adjustments in Brazil. We use a more precise indicator of the fiscal stance of the government, whose objective is to measure the discretional attitude of the government, called of 'fiscal impulse'. The analysis of the Brazilian case suggests some peculiar characteristics of the fiscal adjustment since 1998. The period between 1997 and 2007 was characterized by the rise of governmental revenues above of the growth of its expenditures. In the episodes of sound fiscal adjustment, an increase of revenues in superior magnitude to the reduction of the expenditures is verified. In such a way, the composition of the fiscal adjustment evidences that the reduction of expenditures was concentrated mainly in high discretional and soft expenditures, and that they include expenditures with investment of the government. The composition of the fiscal adjustment does not have a permanent effect, conclusion strengthened by the trajectory of the expenditures in the period that follow the fiscal adjustments, returning to its previous levels on average two years after the adjustments. However, the maintenance of the primary surplus in the whole period allowed the permanent reduction in the debt/GDP ratio. Therefore, the characteristics of the Brazilian fiscal adjustment between 1999 and 2007 can be considered contradictory. In the perspective of the profile and the composition of the fiscal adjustment, the results clearly do not indicate 'an expectacional effect' in the behavior of the economic agents, because these had not incorporated such adjustments as a permanent reduction in the level of the governmental expenses, which could anticipate the future reduction in the level of the governmental taxation.