Direitos sociais e Bolsa Família na ordem constitucional brasileira: virtudes e fragilidades de um 'meta-direito'
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Data
2016-04-15
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Schapiro, Mario Gomes
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In spite of a constitution full of social rights aiming at the transformation of Brazilian society, it was only from 2003 on that the country started to gain international prominence in actions to combat poverty and inequality, becoming a reference. The major factor of this change may have been the 'Bolsa Família' Program (PBF), a conditional cash transfer program which, combined with social rights, may have allowed an immediate relief of extreme poverty, but also a development of human capital, reaching positive multidimensional results in more than 10 years of existence. This process started a debate about the need to institutionalize the program as a state policy, which for some interlocutors would mean transforming PBF into a 'right' such as the social rights, imposing an obligation on future governments. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify, from a legal point of view and comparing to social rights, the advantages and disadvantages of PBF in its current configuration. Composing the movement that seeks to understand the role of law in public policies by adopting an intra and interdisciplinary approach and a functional perspective, this reflection is based on three 'axes': citizenship, judicial enforcement and budget liability. This 'tripod' was chosen because of the Brazilian constitutional structure of social rights, which, through a functional understanding, represents an obligation to the state to implement a comprehensive notion of citizenship; a binding budget allocation, ensuring that part of the revenue will be allocated for enforcing actions such obligations; and instruments for the judicial enforcement, allowing the requirement of these state actions by citizens. This work does not seek to describe or attempt to prescribe the nature or extent of the obligations that the change of PBF into a right will generate to the state; but discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this possible change, given the structural characteristics of the country, the model of society abstractly drawn in the higher law and our legal culture involving social rights.