Corrupção e reforma institucional no Brasil, 1988-2008
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2011-06-01
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How do institutions foster corruption? How does the unveiling of corruption scandals affect institutional reform? This essay takes the Brazilian budget process from 1988 onwards as a case study in an attempt to answer both these questions. In this period, two corruption scandals in the budget process were uncovered: the budget dwarves in 1993-1994 and budget leeches in 2006. The first scandal is a classic example of how institutional centralization, coupled with informality, results in corruption; the second scandal illustrates how corrupt actors work within a partially decentralized institutional scenario. Both scandals resulted in partial, and somewhat effective, institutional reforms.