Trabalhadores qualificados e seus vínculos de trabalho: um estudo empírico
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2009-02-27
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Tonelli, Maria José
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Inside Brazilian labor market many different types of work ties have always existed, with some contracts having better work conditions, usually associated with full-time stable contracts. Qualified workers in general had access to this kind of job. Nevertheless in the last decades work relations have gone through deep changes and less stable work ties, many times with worst conditions, have been disseminated between qualified workers. This is a phenomenon that reached labor market in Brazil as well as in other countries. In Brazil, the labor market has moved toward more flexible relations and the dissemination of work contracts outside the CLT system. This phenomenon has occurred in Brazilian labor market in a wide way, reaching both qualified and unqualified workers. Yet, the type and intensity of the consequences are specific according to different professional profiles. Researches about the effects of changes in work relations on the workers and their work trajectories are rare in Brazil. The objective of this research was to get to know the profile of Brazilian qualified worker that had worked for organizations in an exclusive way, and that had experienced in their professional life two types of work tie: standard (associated with CLT contracts) and not standard (associated with non-CLT contracts). The research also investigated the professional trajectories of this type of worker and the sense they gave to their different work ties. To collect data, 50 in deep semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews analyses revealed that between Brazilian qualified workers there is a wide variety of work ties, and the present research proposed a classification with 15 different work ties outside the CLT standard. Amongst this 15, there were 12 that should have been CLT ties, because according to work legislation their work conditions characterized a CLT tie. Data showed that the existence of non-CLT ties depends upon organization size and segment and also on the worker’s job. It also became clear the importance of political, social and economic context in the increase or decrease of this type of tie. The data showed that the non-CLT ties were an artifice used by organizations and workers to lower tax burden. Non-CLT ties had higher wages and fewer benefits when compared to with CLT ties. Nevertheless, the greater flexibility and freedom usually associated with this type of tie were cited only by a portion of the interviewed. Most of the researched group had positive attitudes toward non-CLT ties, and many even preferred this type of tie. Data analyses also revealed that there is a mismatch between actual labor market reality and elements of this environment: society, legislation, organizations, and workers. Society and legislation are structured based on the old labor market. Organizations don’t know how to deal with a labor force with different work ties. And the workers many times are not prepared to act in this differentiated labor market.